You could use the NOAA.gov site for weather in the United States. They also have international locations. Current weather at Watsonville,CA, US, current weather in Kabul,AF Provides a lot more data then just an image. Maybe use the station as an input for the plugin.

After checking, they offer an XML interface to the public. It should be relatively easy to build a plugin with this.

The easy way is to use the Rss Viewer Plugin that does the RSS work for you. Just insert

[{fr.univ.reunion.iremia.rss.RssViewer 
  url='http://weather.gov/data/current_obs/KPTW.rss' 
  detail='1' ttl='120' date='1'}]